শুক্রবার, ৪ জানুয়ারি, ২০১৩

Top Sustainable Business Strategies from 2012

 By Dr. Ram Nidumolu

As you go about developing or revising your strategies for making your business more sustainable, it is worth reviewing last year?s key developments in important areas of business strategy.

They will only grow in importance this year.

Rather than focus on particular stories ably summarized elsewhere, here are key strategic themes and the underlying research that you can use as practical guidance.

Core capabilities

1. Business Value of Sustainability: The best work on the business value of sustainability in 2012 showed that sustainable businesses significantly outperform unsustainable businesses in both market value and book value (e.g., ROA, ROE) over the long term. Expect more outstanding work in this area.

2. Sustainable Innovation: Business model innovations that are?driven by sustainability got attention: dematerialization, open loops, low-carbon energy, and restorative innovations. The industrial Internet got a lot of attention, while an annual assessment of sustainability practices showed that sustainable innovation was the common thread among successful sustainability programs.

Markets

3. Consumers: The environment continued to rate low in national importance for consumers globally. But the silver lining was that Americans are increasingly linking climate change and extreme weather. The rest of the world continues to lead the U.S. in seeing signs of climate change.

4. Emerging Markets:? Executives in emerging markets say that sustainability is more critical to business than those in developed markets. But poor disclosure?of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues is the biggest challenge to making investments in emerging markets.

Governance

Stakeholder management

8. Suppliers:? Resilient supply chains became more critical to business strategy, whether through new models for dealing with transportation and supply risk, a more comprehensive view, better supplier self-assessment, or a more aggressive, risk-focused stance given the world is at risk of 6?C warming. Rising?fuel costs led to a rethinking of existing transportation practices, as well as a rethinking of current approaches to sustainable packaging.

9. Business Management: The success of corporate sustainability champions was shown to depend more on their relationships with their internal business than subject matter knowledge. Becoming a sustainable company required leadership commitment, stakeholder and employee engagement, and disciplined mechanisms for execution.

10. Investors: Sustainable and responsible investing accounted for one out of every nine dollars under professional management in the U.S. In 2012, $3.74 trillion in U.S.-domiciled assets were engaged in sustainable and responsible investing practices. Corporate cost savings from sustainability and rising expectations of limited partners were the biggest reasons for their increased focus on ESG issues. Comparatively, while U.S.-based investors mainly focused on eco-efficiency initiatives, EU-based investors used a wider range of ESG issues.

Resource management

11. Food and Water: There was a lot more attention to how feeding the world in the future is increasingly a daunting challenge, as extreme weather exacerbated the production of food and increases food prices, and put greater pressure on smallholder farmers who comprise 50 percent of the malnourished. Attention grew on reducing the 40 percent of food (worth roughly $165 billion) in the U.S. that currently gets wasted.

Interest in water escalated rapidly, with long-term projections that 45 percent of the expected worldwide GDP of $63 trillion in 2050 will be at risk because of business-as-usual practices for water management. Sustainable water strategies increasingly emphasize local solutions and working with stakeholders at the watershed level. Disclosures on water risks grew, but disclosure of water footprints continued to be slow. The value of water to U.S. industries saw a major shift.? Despite these trends, water-related concerns have not hit boardrooms yet.

12. Energy:? The EIA?s 2012 projections got attention, especially that U.S. reliance on imported oil will reduce as domestic production of natural gas and domestic crude oil (from tight oil and shale resources) will exceed consumption. Also, coal-fired plants are being retired at a faster rate, though not fast enough for many.

The global outlook for clean energy was both good and bad news in 2012. Mature clean energy sources such as hydro, biomass, solar PV and onshore wind made good progress. But less mature clean energy sources, such as CCS, offshore wind, and concentrated solar power, are not growing fast enough.? Despite potential savings and job opportunities from energy efficiency, the worldwide lack of progress on it has been equally alarming.

13. Natural resources: 2012 was the year in which business began to recognize the vast scale of its impacts and dependencies on nature. Nature provides $72 trillion worth of free services to the global economy every year, but we lose about $6.6 trillion in natural assets every year due to business. Well-publicized corporate actions included PUMA?s Environment P&L Coalition (which focuses heavily on natural capital), Dow?s partnership with The Nature Conservancy to launch pilots on evaluating natural capital, etc. The TEEB for Business Coalition got established to drive corporate action on natural capital.

What is needed is a framework for corporate change that accelerates the adoption of natural capital in companies (Disclosure: I am leading a project in this area for TEEB for Business Coalition).

And that was the year for sustainable business strategies.

Dr. Ram Nidumolu is the founder and CEO of InnovaStrat, Inc., a US-based firm that provides sustainability advisory and research services to large corporations. He is a recognized thought leader and the lead author of the?Harvard Business Review?cover article, ?Why Sustainability is Now the Key Driver of Innovation.? He is currently completing a book on business and being-centered leadership that will be published by Berrett-Koehler later this year.

[Image credit: Shutterstock]

Scroll down to see comments.


Source: http://www.triplepundit.com/2013/01/top-sustainable-business-strategies-2012/

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Brawl in the Family: Home for the Holidays ? VideoGameologists

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Source: http://www.videogameologists.com/2013/01/02/brawl-in-the-family-home-for-the-holidays/

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বৃহস্পতিবার, ৩ জানুয়ারি, ২০১৩

Video: Talking Numbers: Buy or Sell Facebook?

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Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/cnbc/50346376/

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Mr. Tom's Tips for Emergency Preparedness: Plastic Containers

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There are many items made from plastic these days, several of which are items used for storing food. But not all plastics are good to use for storing food items, and some may actually contain toxic ingredients. So the question has come up as to what the difference is between a ?regular? container, and a ?food grade? container. Well, let?s discuss some things you should know.




What Is Food Grade Plastic?

????????? You should be mindful of two aspects of plastic production when choosing your containers. First: What type of plastic resin was used in the manufacturing? Second: What type of release agent was used? (A release agent is a chemical used to allow the plastic to break freely from the mold without sticking. You can think of it like using PAM? on your cookware.) While some products are technically made from ?food grade? plastic, the release agent used may contain toxic chemicals. True food grade plastic items have been made with a more expensive release agent that contains no toxins.



Food grade plastic films and containers may be made from polycarbonate, polyester, or polyethylene. They do not contain dyes or recycled plastics that have been deemed to be harmful to humans. However, this does not mean that food grade plastic cannot contain dyes or some recycled plastic. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) requires that plastics used in food packaging be of greater purity than plastics used for non-food packaging. The FDA has detailed regulations concerning plastic purity. Plastic requirements.

The characteristics of plastic in terms of density, permeability and strength vary considerably. To limit permeability of moisture and oxygen, films of these plastics are sometimes laminated together, frequently with a metallic layer. Meals Ready to Eat (MRE) packaged in such a metalized polyester-polyethylene wrap have a shelf life Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 of 5+ years if kept cool.


Another aspect of using plastic for food storage is matching the appropriate type of plastic to a particular food product. Foods that are highly acidic (like tomatoes), contain alcohol, or fats, can leach chemicals from the plastic container into the food. Therefore you should only use plastic containers that are FDA approved for the particular type of food with which it will come in contact.



A plastic container that has been used to store non-food items like paint, chemicals, or detergent, can no longer be considered food grade. Because of the tiny pores in plastic, non-food chemicals will contaminate the container which in turn would contaminate any food items. (In other words, don?t re-use your empty detergent buckets for food storage purposes.) You can purchase food grade buckets at various locations on line such as Emergency Essentials; or Be Ready Inc.. You might be able to get used buckets for free or for a very low price from your neighborhood bakery or donut shop.?

????????? There is a caveat that you should consider with plastics and the claims regarding food safety. The plastic used for food items, like frozen dinner trays or water bottles, have been tested ONLY for their ?intended use.? This means that when you re-use those trays, or use them for other purposes, all bets are off. Some plastics are allowed to be in contact with food in the microwave while others are not. Keep in mind that bacteria can grow on virtually any packaging material if stored in conditions suitable for bacterial growth. Therefore, it?s best to clean plastic containers with hot soapy water and dry thoroughly before reuse.

Types of Plastic

In the Plastic industry, the following codes represent the seven categories of plastic resin used in nearly all plastic containers and product packaging:



PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate) is a clear, tough polymer with exceptional gas and moisture barrier properties. PET's ability to contain carbon dioxide (carbonation) makes it ideal for use in soft drink bottles.

Examples: Water bottles, soft drink bottles, detergent bottles.
?

HDPE (high density polyethylene) is used in milk, juice and water containers in order to take advantage of its excellent protective barrier properties. Its chemical resistance properties also make it well suited for items such as containers for household chemicals and detergents. Most five gallon buckets are made from HDPE.

Examples: Milk bottles, some shopping bags, toys.
?

Vinyl (Polyvinyl chloride or PVC) provides excellent clarity, puncture resistance and cling. As a film, vinyl can breathe just the right amount, making it ideal for packaging fresh meats that require oxygen to ensure a bright red surface while maintaining an acceptable shelf life.

Examples: Plastic food wrap, shrink wrap, garden hoses, vegetable oil bottles. (Saran Wrap? has been reformulated and no longer contains PVC.)
?

LDPE (low density polyethylene) offers clarity and flexibility. It is used to make bottles that require flexibility. To take advantage of its strength and toughness in film form, it is used to produce garbage bags, shrink and stretch film, and coating for milk cartons.

Examples: Squeeze bottles, dry cleaning bags, some grocery bags.
?

PP (polypropylene) has high tensile strength, making it ideal for use in caps and lids that have to hold on tightly to threaded openings. Because of its high melting point, polypropylene can be hot-filled with products designed to cool in bottles, including ketchup and syrup. It is also used for products that need to be incubated, such as yogurt. Many Cambo?, Tupperware?, and Rubbermaid? food storage containers are made from polypropylene.

Examples: Bottle caps, take-out food containers, drinking straws.
?

PS (polystyrene), in its crystalline form, is a colorless plastic that can be clear and hard. It can also be foamed to provide exceptional insulation properties. Foamed or expanded polystyrene (EPS) is used for products such as meat trays, egg cartons and coffee cups. It is also used for packaging and protecting appliances, electronics and other sensitive products.

Examples: Plastic foam, disposable utensils, coat hangers.

Other: Denotes plastics made from other types of resin or from several resins mixed together. These usually cannot be recycled.

Examples: Three and five-gallon water bottles, DVDs, iPod and computer cases, signs and displays, certain food containers.

Common plastics polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) do not have recycling numbers.

Polycarbonate is a clear shatter-resistant material used in restaurant food storage containers and recently in the Rubbermaid Stain Shield? line of products for home use. (Polycarbonate is the same plastic used to make light weight lenses for eye glasses.)


Plastics that have been approved for food storage are:? polyethylene terephthalate, and high density polyethylene (#1 & #2 above). Polycarbonate has also been approved, but I would like to point out the following information regarding this plastic:


BPA:


Bisphenol A (BPA), is a synthetic estrogen used to make plastics hard: It has been the subject of many news reports questioning its safety. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it?s safe to use BPA in food-contact applications, but that claim is still being hotly debated. Apparently there was an expos? in the December 2010 issue of Consumer Reports, with actual test data from canned foods. (Plastic types #1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are free of BPA.) For information supporting BPA, click here. For more information against BPA, click here.

????????? Major factors to BPA leaching into your water or other food products seems to be time and heat. The longer something is stored in a container made with BPA, the more leaching will take place. Also, as the temperature of the container rises, more of the chemical can be released. For example, boiling water stored in a Nalgene? bottle will leach BPA 55 times faster than cold water.


Heat affects the other plastics as well, so you shouldn?t store water bottles in your car where the temperatures can reach well over 100 degrees on a sunny day. If you want to carry water in your car, it might be a better idea to keep it in the trunk where the temps will remain cooler. I encourage you to do your own research and draw your own conclusions.?


Plastic Bags

????????? If you?re not sure whether your storage bucket is made from food grade plastic, or for added protection, you can line your bucket with a plastic bag. Once again, keep in mind not all plastics are created equal. You should not use plastic bags that were made for a non-food use, such as trash bags or dry cleaning bags!


????????? There are several types of bags you could consider for lining buckets of food, and they include: Ziploc brand bags; turkey roasting bags; and Mylar laminate bags. Keep in mind that the bags should not be considered ?air-tight? unless they are heat sealed. In order for oxygen absorbing packets to be effective with long-term storage, you will need to make sure your liner is heat sealed!

(The Ziploc bags are handy, but they don?t provide an airtight seal.) Some kitchen supply stores sell other plastic bags for food use, but they?re fairly expensive.


Lids



????????? Storing food or other items in plastic buckets is a great way to organize your storage supplies. Some people put an entire meal of pre-packaged items into one bucket and then label the container accordingly. (For example a bucket labeled ?Dinner? could contain: canned chicken; stove top stuffing; canned gravy; canned vegetables; drink mix; and Jell-O or pudding mix.) You might be able to fit an entire days worth of food into one bucket. You could also use buckets for non-food items such as tools; cooking supplies; First Aid supplies; pet food; clothing, etc.


????????? In addition to Gamma Seal Lids, you can purchase a replacement lid for your buckets that is a toilet seat. With these lids, you simply line your bucket with a plastic bag and take care of business. (Of course, you don?t need food grade buckets or bags for this purpose.)


Summary

????????? Not all plastics are suitable for food storage! Be sure to use only food grade plastic to store food items. Non food grade containers may be used for food items if they?re lined with a food grade bag. Never use a container for food items that has been used previously for non-food chemicals or paint. You can buy replacement lids that will allow you easy access to your supplies while providing an airtight and watertight seal. While plastic gives a good seal for your food items, it is still permeable (over time, air and chemicals may still leach through the container). Avoid high temperatures (over 85? F) when using plastics for storage of food or water. ?


Mr. Tom

Source: http://www.mrtomstips.com/2013/01/plastic-containers.html

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Source: http://godalkycc.posterous.com/mr-tom39s-tips-for-emergency-preparedness-pla

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শুক্রবার, ২৮ ডিসেম্বর, ২০১২

New insight into cell development and cancer

Dec. 27, 2012 ? Long-standing research efforts have been focused on understanding how stem cells, cells capable of transforming into any type of cell in the body, are capable of being programmed down a defined path to contribute to the development of a specific organ like a heart, lung, or kidney. Research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine has shed new light on how epigenetic signals may function together to determine the ultimate fate of a stem cell.

The study, published December 27, 2012 by the journal Molecular Cell, implicates a unique class of proteins called polycomb-like proteins, or PCL's, as bridging molecules between the "on" and "off" state of a gene. While all of these specialized types of cells share the same genetic information encoded in our DNA, it is becoming increasingly clear that information outside the genome, referred to as epigenetics, plays a central role in orchestrating the reprogramming of a stem cell down a defined path.

Although it is understood that epigenetics is responsible for turning genes "on" and "off" at defined times during cellular development, the precise mechanisms controlling this delicate process are less well understood.

"This finding has important implications for both stem cell biology and cancer development, as the same regulatory circuits controlled by PCL's in stem cells are often misregulated in tumors," said Dr. Greg Wang, senior author of the study and Assistant Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics in the UNC School of Medicine and a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.

The study, led by postdoctoral research fellows Drs. Ling Cai and Rui Lu in the Wang lab, and Dr. Scott Rothbart, a Lineberger postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Dr. Brian Strahl, Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics in the UNC School of Medicine and a member of UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, identified that PCL's interact with an epigenetic signal associated with genes that are turned on to recruit a group of proteins called the PRC2 complex which then turn genes off.

"In stem cells, the PRC2 complex turns genes off that would otherwise promote reprogramming into specialized cells of organs like the heart or lungs," said Wang.

In addition to its fundamental role in cellular development, elevated levels of PRC2 have been found in cancers of the prostate, breast, lung, and blood, and pharmaceutical companies are already developing drugs to target PRC2. Wang and colleagues determined that the same mechanisms controlling PRC2 function in stem cells also applies in human cancers.

"The identification of a specific PCL in controlling PRC2 in cancer cells suggests we may be able to develop drugs targeting this PCL to regulate PRC2 function in a more controlled manner that may maintain PRC2 function in stem cells while inhibiting it in the tumor," said Wang.

This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health grants (GM085394 and GM068088), the Department of Defense, the V Foundation for Cancer Research, and the University Cancer Research Fund, and was performed in collaboration with scientists at the University of California at Riverside, Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Study co-authors from UNC also included Bowen Xu, a student in the Wang Lab, and Ashutosh Tripathy, a Research Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of North Carolina Health Care.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/g5nZCwhyrsQ/121227130323.htm

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Tourists Visiting Tikal During Maya Celebrations Damage Ruins

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    A mayan shaman takes part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    View of an offering made of cacao, candles, cigars, and ocote wood during a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Guatemalan natives and tourists take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Guatemalan natives and visitors take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Guatemalan indigenous women take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Mayan shamans take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Mayan shamans take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Mayan shamans and indigenous people take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Mayan shamans take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    A mayan shaman takes part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age at Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 km north of Guatemala City.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    An indigenous man kisses a bunch of candles for an offering during in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    A woman takes part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    People take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    A woman takes part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Indigenous people take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in Las Sepulturas --a Mayan residential site--, in the surroundings of the Copan archaeological site, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Mayan shamans take part in a ceremony on December 21, 2012, celebrating the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Indigenous people take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in Las Sepulturas --a Mayan residential site--, in the surroundings of the Copan archaeological site, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Indigenous people take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in Las Sepulturas --a Mayan residential site--, in the surroundings of the Copan archaeological site, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    A man takes part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Visitors meditate during celebrations for the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in the Copan archaeological park, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    A woman takes part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    People take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Bogot?, Colombia

    People take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, at Bogota's main square, Colombia.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Indigenous people take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in Las Sepulturas --a Mayan residential site--, in the surroundings of the Copan archaeological site, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Indigenous people take part in a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in Las Sepulturas --a Mayan residential site--, in the surroundings of the Copan archaeological site, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    An indigenous woman holds candles during a ceremony to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the Maya new age, on December 21, 2012, in Las Sepulturas --a Mayan residential site--, in the surroundings of the Copan archaeological site, 400km northwest of Tegucigalpa.

  • Tikal, Guatemaa

    Members of a folkloric group perform during celebrations marking the end of the Mayan age, December 20, 2012 at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City. Ceremonies are being held to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the new Maya Era on December 21.

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    Guatemalan President Otto Perez Molina waves during celebrations marking the end of the Mayan age at the Tikal archaeological site, Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City, on December 20, 2012. Ceremonies will be held here to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the new Maya Era on December 21.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Guatemalan chaman Christian Nottbohn (C) holds a Mayan ceremony in Rastrajon, once a settlement of warriors destined to protect the ancient city of Copan, in Copan archeological park, some 400 kms northwest of Tegucigalpa, on December 20, 2012. Ceremonies will be held to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the new Maya Era on December 21.

  • Cop?n, Honduras

    Guatemalan chaman Christian Nottbohn (C) holds a Mayan ceremony in Rastrajon, once a settlement of warriors destined to protect the ancient city of Copan, in Copan archeological park, some 400 kms northwest of Tegucigalpa, on December 20, 2012. Ceremonies will be held to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the new Maya Era on December 21. AFP PHOTO / Orlando SIERRA (Photo credit should read ORLANDO SIERRA/AFP/Getty Images)

  • Tikal, Guatemala

    View 'Gran Jaguar' Mayan temple at the Tikal archaeological site in Peten departament, 560 kms north of Guatemala City, on December 20, 2012. Ceremonies will be held here to celebrate the end of the Mayan cycle known as Bak'tun 13 and the start of the new Maya Era on December 21.

  • Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/27/tourists-visiting-tikal-d_n_2369674.html

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